Za početni nivo - A1 - pasiv

Pasiv (the Passive Voice)

Pasiv (Passive Voice) je konstrukcija koja se sastoji od subjekta, pomoćnog glagola to be i prošlog participa glavnog glagola. Pasiv se mnogo češće koristi u engleskom nego u sprskom jeziku i to u sledećim situacijama

1.kada vršilac radnje nije poznat:

John’s car was stolen last night.

 Džonova kola su ukradena prošle noći (ne znamo ko je to uradio)

2.kada vršilac radnje nije bitan, ili se podrazumeva:

Football is played all over the world.

Fudbal se igra širom sveta (igraju ga svi – od dece do profesionalaca)

3.kada se naglašava radnja a ne vršilac radnje, kada je vršilac očigledan:

10 000 car will be produced next year.

10000 automobila biće proizvedeno sledeće godine. (znamo da  će ih praviti radnici, naglašavamo koliko će ih biti napravljeno)

Pravila koja važe za upotrebu određenih glagolskih oblika u aktivnom obliku, ista su i za pasivne oblike.

građenje: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

       1.    Vežbanje: napravi pasiv od sledećih pravilnih glagola – sledi primer

play – am, is, are played

visit

ask

discover

clean

paint

study

2.    Dopuni rečenice sa am/is/are

Classrooms _____________cleaned every day.

I ____________asked by my teachers.

Students ____________asked many questions.

The museum ___________visited every day.

His room ____________painted every year.

Basketball __________played everywhere.

3.    Rasporedi glagole tako da rečenice imaju smisla, ako postoji reč koju ne razumeš, pitaj šta znači i zapiši je:

isn't drunk  / aren't produced  /aren't sold / is recycled / is spoken / are made /

are watched /is made

Top of Form

1.      Glass____________________ (recycle) in Britain.

2.      These stereos __________________________ (not / produce) in Japan.

3.      Alcohol _____________________ (not / drink) in schools.

4.      Jam_________________________ (make) from fruit.

5.      French______________________ (speak) in some parts of Canada.

6.      The Olympic Games___________________ (watch) by millions of people.

7.      Cars_______________________ (make) in Poland.

8.      Sandwiches_______________________ (not / sell) in banks.

Bottom of Form

4.    Koristi tabelu da napraviš rečenice (bar 4 rečenice):

I John Houses They Football Basketball You

am is are

played asked visited cleaned painted

every day every month every year

Od aktivne rečenice se pravi pasivna na sledeći način:

Active

Tesla invented alternating current.

1.Prvo analizirajte rečenicu:

·         Tesla – subjekat

·         invented – predikat u gl.obliku Past Simple Tense

·         alternating current – objekat

2.objekat aktivne rečenice (alternating current) postaje subjekat pasivne

3.dodajemo glagol TO BE koji će biti u vremenu u kom je glagol glavne rečenice; u ovom slučaju to je Simple Past (be → was)

4.dodajemo prošli particip pomoćnog glagola (invent – invented)

5.u ovom slučaju pominjemo vršioca radnje jer je bitan dodajemo predlog by a zatim i subjekat aktivne rečenice (by Tesla)

Passive

Аlternating current was invented by Tesla

Tenses	To Be	Adjectives of time
Simple Present	Am/is/are	Usually, often, always, sometimes, rarely, seldom, every (day)
Present Continuous	Am/is/are being	Now, at the/this moment
Simple Past	Was/were	Yesterday, the day before yesterday, in (2004), last (week), (a week) ago
Past Continuous	Was/were being	All day long, the whole (afternoon), when / while + another sentence
Present Perfect	Have/has been	Ever, never, since, for, recently, lately, already, yet, just, this (week), today
Past Perfect	Had been	As soon as, before / after + another sentence (usually in Past Simple)
Modals* (can, may, will, must...)	Can* be (will be / may be / must be...)	/

Za početni nivo - A1 -- drugi deo (vežbanja)

EXERCISES

The verb “to be”

1. Write the personal pronoun he, she, it, we, they

1). Tom - ____________________

2). Mary and I - _______________

3) a book - ___________________

4). Children - _________________

5). Mum - ____________________

6). a hospital - _________________

7) Liza and Tom _______________

8) France - ___________________

2. Complete the sentences with is, am or are

1. My name’s Marie. I …… from Spain.
2. You …… from Bulgaria.
3. This is Pierre. He…… a teacher.
4. My name’s Louise. I …. From Scotland. I ….sixteen.
5. This is Natasha. She ….. from Russia.
6. This is Pierre and his son Riko. They …… from Monaco.
7. My friend …….. ten years old. He ….a student.
8. We …..shop assistants. We work for TESCO.
9. You …….in the room.
10. Tom and Mark ……in the park. They……friends.

Make these negative:

      Mary is twelve years old. _____________________________________

      I´m a student. ______________________________________________

      They are Portuguese. ________________________________________

      He is my best friend.________________________________________

      We are friends.      __________________________________________

      Mark and Mary are twins. __________________________________        

      You are a teacher. _______________________________________________

      Mark is tall.  _______________________________________________

      They are my students. ________________________________________

      It is a blue book.  ____________________________________________

3. Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1. Ann / I’m / Hello
2. from / Where / you / ‘re ?
3. your / What’s / name ?
4. My / Louise / ‘s / name
5. England / ‘s / he
6. What / job / ‘s / her ?
7. a / She / ‘s / hairdresser
8. old / How / you / are ?
9. 17 / ‘m / I
10. ‘re / from / Brazil / They
11. are / How / you ? Fine, thanks
12. address / ‘s / What / your ?
13. married / he / is ?
14. I / not / married / ‘m .
15. Ken / England / is / from / too ?
16. phone / What / ‘s / number / his

4. Write YES or NO

1.   Are you married?    …………., I am.

2.   Is he a teacher?  ……….. , he isn’t

3.   Are they from Scotland?  ………, they are.

5. Is Emily Polish?  …….. she, isn’t.
6. Are Tom and Susan married?  ………… , they aren’t
7. Is this his car?  ……….. it is.

5. Read the information in the table below and finish the questions:

Name	Mark Stevenson
Country	The United States
Address	124 Broadway Avenue, NY
Phone Number	243 566 78907
Age	35
Job	Actor
Married	No

1. What’s his ………..?

Mark Stevenson

2. Where’s he ……….?

He’s from USA

3. What’s his ……….?

124, Boradway Ave, NY

4. What’s his ………….  ………………?

243 566 78907

5. How old ……… ………….?

He’s 35

6. What’s his …………..?

He’s an actor.

7. Is he …………?

No, he isn’t.

ANSWER

1.      What is your name?

2.      How old are you?

3.      What is your favourite colour?

4.      What is your favourite fruit?

MAKE QUESTIONS

1.       Banana is yellow.

2.       Sally is at home. 

3.       They are playing games.

FILL IN WITH AM/IS/ARE

London ________ in England.    The Pyramids __________ in Egypt.   The bank _______ one kilometre from here.

This hotel _________ nice.   I__________ hungry.

My parents __________ doctors.  This __________ my sister. Ann and Tom ___________ my children. That_____________ a nice house.

Rex _____________ a dog.  ‘Avatar’ ___________________ a film.

The Present Continuous

The Present Continuous je glagolski oblik koji se gradi od prezenta glagola  be i glavnog glagola sa nastavkom -ing :

Korišćenje

1. Koristimo ga za radnje koje se dešavaju u sadašnjosti:

• Za ono što se dešava u trenutku govora:
• I’m just leaving work. I’ll be home in an hour.
• Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.

·         Za radnju koja traje neko vreme u sadašnjosti, a privremena je:  Michael is at university. He’s studying history.  I’m working in London for the next two weeks.

·         Da pokažemo da se nešto menja, raste i razvija:

The children are growing quickly.
The climate is changing rapidly.
Your English is improving.

Affirmative sentences:

I am playing volleyball.
He/she/it is playing volleyball. 
We/you/they are playing volleyball.

Negative sentences:

I am not playing volleyball.
He/she/it is not playing volleyball. 
We/you/they are not playing volleyball.

Questions:

Am I playing volleyball?
Is he/she/it playing volleyball? 
Are we/you/they playing volleyball?

Za početni nivo - A1 -- prvi deo

Lesson 1

BE – biti

Ovaj glagol se koristi sa:

Names - imenima	Hello, I’m John.
A number to show your age – brojem, da izrazite koliko imate godina	How old are you?  I’m 17.
Places - mestima	London is in England.    The Pyramids are in Egypt.  The bank is one kilometre from here.
Adjectives - pridevima	This hotel is nice.   I’m hungry.
Jobs and family – poslovima, članovima porodice	I’m a student.  My parents are doctors. This is my sister. Ann and Tom are my children.
Other nouns – drugim imenicama	Rex is a dog.  ‘Avatar’ is a film.
adjective + noun – pridevom + imenicom	That’s a nice house.  She’s a good actor.

POTVRDNE REČENICE

I	am / ‘m	cold / hungry a student / a teacher at home / in the kitchen
You / We / They	are / ’re
He / She / It	is / ‘s

ODRIČNE REČENICE

I	am not / ‘m not	cold / hungry a student / a teacher at home / in the kitchen
You / We / They	are not / aren’t / ’re not
He / She / It	is not / isn’t  / ‘s not

UPITNE REČENICE

Am	I	cold / hungry? a student / a teacher? at home / in the kitchen?
Are	you / we / they
Is	he / she / it

KRATKI ODGOVORI

Yes,

I am. you are. he / she / it is. we are. they are.

No,

I’m not. you aren’t / you’re not. he isn’t / he’s not. we aren’t / we’re not. they aren’t / they’re not.

SKRAĆIVANJE

Glagol be ima pun i skraćen oblik. I am = I’m…  He is = He’s

Skraćeni oblik se kroristi u neformalnom obliku (‘m / ‘s / ‘re) u govoru i neformalnom pisanju. U formalnom pisanju se koriste cele reči.

Glagol ne možete uvek skratiti – skraćujete ‘be’ posle zamenice (I, you, he, she, we, they) i imenica
What is your name? => What’s your name?
But do not contract ‘are’ after question words.
Where are you from? => Where’re you from? 

Nema skraćivanja posle kratkih odgovora:
Yes, I am NOT Yes, I’m

Više o onome što je planirano http://www.examenglish.com/grammar/a1_grammar.html

Online test http://www.englishtag.com/tests/level_test_elementary_A1.asp