Kako da znate kada da koristite gerund, a kada infinitiv?
Gerund (verb + ing) treba koristiti:
- posle nekih glagola - I enjoy singing.
- posle predloga - I drank a cup of coffee before leaving.
- kao subjekat ili objekat rečenice - Swimming is good exercise.
'to' + infinitive:
- posle nekih glagola - We decided to leave
- posle većine prideva - It's difficult to get up early
- da izrazite nameru - I came to London to study English
Infinitiv bez 'to':
- posle modalnih glagola - I can meet you at six o'clock
- posle 'let', 'make' i (ponekad) 'help' - The teacher let us leave early
- posle nekih glagola koji se vezuju za opažanje(see, watch, hear, notice, feel, sense) - I watched her walk away
- posle izraza sa 'why' - why go out the night before an exam?
Najčešći glagoli posle kojih se upotrebljava gerund:
enjoy | I enjoyed living in France |
fancy | I fancy seeing a film tonight |
discuss | We discussed going on holiday together |
dislike | I dislike waiting for buses |
finish | We've finished preparing for the meeting |
mind | I don't mind coming early |
suggest | He suggested staying at the Grand Hotel |
recommend | They recommended meeting earlier |
keep | He kept working, although he felt ill |
avoid | She avoided talking to her boss |
Najčešći glagoli posle kojih se upotrebljava 'to' i infinitive:
agree | She agreed to give a presentation at the meeting |
ask* | I asked to leave early / I asked him to leave early |
decide | We decided to go out for dinner |
help* | He helped to clean the kitchen / he helped his flatmate to clean the kitchen |
plan | She plans to buy a new flat next year |
hope | I hope to pass the exam |
learn | They are learning to sing |
want* | I want to come to the party / I want him to come to the party |
would like* | I would like to see her tonight / I would like you to see her tonight |
promise | We promised not to be late |
*ispred infinitiva ovih glagola se može upotrebiti indirektni objekat.
(posle 'help' može da se upotrebi infinitiv bez 'to' bez promene značenja: 'I helped to carry it' = 'I helped carry
it'.)
Upotreba gerunda ili infinitiva MENJA značenje ovih glagola.
Remember + gerund
- upotrebljava se kada se subjekat seća da se nešto desilo u prošlosti. Postoji sećanje koga kao sliku možete videti u mislima.
- I remember going to the beach when I was a child. (= Sećam se da sam išao na plažu).
- He remembers closing the door. (= Sećam se da sam zatvorio vrata).
Remember
+ to + infinitive
- upotrebljava se kada se subjekat seti da nešto treba da uradi (i uradi tek pošto se setio).
- upotrebljava se kada se subjekat seti da nešto treba da uradi (i uradi tek pošto se setio).
- I remembered to buy milk. (= išao sam kući kada mi je palo na pamet da treba da kupim mleko, pa sam ga kupio).
- She remembered to send a card to her grandmother.(= bila je na letovanju i setila se da treba da se javi baki, pa joj je poslala razglednicu).
Forget
+ gerund
- ima suprotno značenje od remember + gerund, kada zaboravite da ste nešto uradili u prošlosti (uradili ste, ali se ne sećate toga).
- ima suprotno značenje od remember + gerund, kada zaboravite da ste nešto uradili u prošlosti (uradili ste, ali se ne sećate toga).
- Have we really studied this topic before? I forget reading about it.
- I told my brother that we'd spent Christmas at Granny's house in 1985, but he'd forgotten going there.
Forget
+ to + infinitive
- ima suprotno značenje od remember + to + infinitive. Želite ili treba da uradite nešto, ali zaboravite na to (i ne uradite to što treba).
- ima suprotno značenje od remember + to + infinitive. Želite ili treba da uradite nešto, ali zaboravite na to (i ne uradite to što treba).
- I forgot to call my mother. (= želeo sam da pozovem majku, ali kada je trebalo da to učinim, zaboravio sam i uopšte je nisam zvao tog dana).
- She keeps forgetting to bring his book back.
Try
+ gerund
- upotrebljava se kada nešto radite samo da biste isprobali. To što pokušavate nije teško, možete da uradite, pokušavate da biste videli kako izgleda ili kakve su posledice toga što radite.
- upotrebljava se kada nešto radite samo da biste isprobali. To što pokušavate nije teško, možete da uradite, pokušavate da biste videli kako izgleda ili kakve su posledice toga što radite.
- I wanted to stop smoking, so I tried using nicotine patches. (= korišćenje nikotinskih flastera je lako, ali sam želeo da vidim da li će mi pomoći da prestanem da pušim).
- She tried giving up chocolate, but it didn't help her lose weight. (= bilo joj je lako da se odrekne čokolade. Odrekla se čokolade da vidi da li će joj pomoći da smanji težinu, ali joj nije pomoglo).
Try
+ to + infinitive
- upotrebljava se kad pokušate da nešto uradite, ali ne uspevate jer je previše teško.
- upotrebljava se kad pokušate da nešto uradite, ali ne uspevate jer je previše teško.
- I tried to lift the suitcase, but it was too heavy.
- She tried to catch the bus, but she couldn't run fast enough.
Uočite razliku:
- I tried giving up chocolate (it was no problem to stop eating chocolate) but it didn't make me feel more healthy.
- I tried to give up chocolate, but it was too hard. I always ate some when my friends offered it to me.
- It was too hot in the room. I tried opening the window (it was easy to open the window). It didn't help though, because it was very hot outside too. I tried to open the window, but I couldn't because it was stuck.
Stop
+ gerund
- prestali ste nešto da radite, bilo zauvek ili samo na neko vreme.
- prestali ste nešto da radite, bilo zauvek ili samo na neko vreme.
- I stopped working when I was expecting a baby. (prestala sam da radim dok sam čekala bebu).
- My grandmother stopped driving when she was 85. (prestala je da vozi kada je napunila 85 godina).
- My boss came into the room, so I stopped browsing the internet.
- There was a fire alarm, so I stopped eating and went outside.
Stop
+ to + infinitive
U ovom slučaju, prekidate nešto da bi ste uradili aktivnost izraženu infinitivom.
U ovom slučaju, prekidate nešto da bi ste uradili aktivnost izraženu infinitivom.
- I stopped to eat lunch. (prestao sam sa onim što sam do tada radio jer sam želeo da ručam).
- She was shopping and she stopped to get a cup of coffee. (prestala je sa kupovinom jer je želela da popije kafu).
Uočite razliku:
- I stopped smoking. (ostavio sam pušenje ILI sam u tom trenutku ugasio cigaretu).
- I stopped to smoke. (prestao sam sa onim što sam radilo/zaustavio sam se u hodu jer sam želeo da zapalim cigaretu).
Regret
+ gerund
- upotrebljavate kada žalite zbog nečega što ste uradili u prošlosti i želeli biste da niste tako postupili / uradili.
- upotrebljavate kada žalite zbog nečega što ste uradili u prošlosti i želeli biste da niste tako postupili / uradili.
- I regret going to bed so late. I'm really tired today.
- She regrets leaving school when she was sixteen. She wishes that she had studied more and then gone to university.
Regret
+ to + infinitive
- upotrebljavate kada na formalan način nekom saopštavate loše vesti, najčešće uz 'say' ili 'tell' or 'inform'. Slično frazi "sa žaljenjem vas obaveštavamo da..."
- upotrebljavate kada na formalan način nekom saopštavate loše vesti, najčešće uz 'say' ili 'tell' or 'inform'. Slično frazi "sa žaljenjem vas obaveštavamo da..."
- I regret to tell you that the train has been delayed.
- The company regrets to inform employees that the London office will close next year.
VEŽBANJA
jedan klik, padajući meni, izbor
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-gerund-infinitive.php#.UwiNcitDsVk
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/gerund_infinitive.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/gerund_infinitive2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/gerund_infinitive_verbs.htm
It is crucial information for me because tomorrow I have to take the test on English grammar. I can send you the example of the test http://getessayeditor.com/blog/way-to-use-gerund-in-english
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